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Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous tumours that grow within or around the uterus (womb). These growths are made up of smooth muscle and connective tissue and can vary widely in size—from tiny seedlings to large masses that can distort the shape of the uterus.
Fibroids are very common, especially in women between the ages of 30 and 50. Many people with fibroids are unaware of them because symptoms are often mild. Regular check-ups help monitor any changes in menstrual flow, pressure sensations, urinary habits, or reproductive health.
Fibroids can grow as a single growth or as multiple growths. Although benign, they can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life depending on their size, number, and location within the uterus.
The type and severity of symptoms often depend on the size, location, and number of fibroids.
The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but several factors are believed to influence their development:
Oestrogen and progesterone—hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle—stimulate the growth of fibroids. This is why fibroids often shrink after menopause, when hormone levels drop.
A family history of fibroids increases the risk of developing them.
Substances that help the body maintain tissues, such as insulin-like growth factor, may affect fibroid growth.
This material helps cells stick together. Fibroids often contain more ECM than normal uterine muscle cells, which makes them firmer.
Fibroids are often found during a routine pelvic examination. If your doctor suspects fibroids, they may recommend imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis and determine the size and location of the growths.
Common diagnostic methods include:
Blood tests may also be done to check for anaemia due to excessive bleeding.
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, size and location of fibroids, the individual’s age, and whether they wish to become pregnant in the future. If fibroids are not causing symptoms, treatment may not be necessary.
Non-surgical treatments include:
There’s no sure way to prevent fibroids, but certain lifestyle choices may help reduce your risk:
Regular gynaecological check-ups can also help detect fibroids early before they cause major symptoms.
Most fibroids are benign and do not pose serious health risks. Many people never experience symptoms and may not require any treatment. For those who do experience symptoms, a wide range of treatment options are available to help manage them effectively.
Fibroids do not typically interfere with fertility, though certain types can make conception or pregnancy more difficult. With proper treatment, most women are able to maintain normal reproductive and daily function.
Yes. Although treatment can reduce or eliminate existing fibroids, new fibroids can develop later—especially in women who are still menstruating. Hormonal therapies may suppress fibroid growth, but once treatment stops, fibroids may return.
You may consider speaking with a doctor if you:
If you are looking for more information or support in the UK, the following organisations offer helpful guidance:
20 Old Brompton Road, South Kensington, London SW7 3DL
020 7183 2362
